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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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Membrane Permeabilities of Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbate.

Christof Hannesschlaeger1, Peter Pohl2

  • 1Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria. Christof.Hannesschlaeger@jku.at.

Biomolecules
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) uptake is limited by its slow passive membrane permeability. Ascorbic acid crosses membranes by protonation, causing a pH drop, and its transport capacity may be insufficient for adequate gastrointestinal absorption.

Keywords:
ascorbatemembrane permeationpassive membrane permeabilityscorbic acidvitamin Cweak acid permeation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is vital for health, acting as an antioxidant and enzyme cofactor.
  • Redox balance, crucial for health, is disrupted in various diseases like obesity and cancer.
  • The mechanisms of Vitamin C uptake are not well understood, with significant discrepancies in reported passive permeability values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the passive membrane permeability of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
  • To elucidate the mechanism of ascorbic acid transport across lipid bilayers.
  • To determine the quantitative passive permeability coefficient (P) of ascorbic acid.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized voltage clamp techniques to measure membrane permeability.
  • Employed scanning pH microelectrodes to visualize near-membrane pH changes.
  • Analyzed ascorbic acid concentration-dependent pH profiles.

Main Results:

  • The anionic form of ascorbic acid (ascorbate) has negligible passive permeability.
  • Ascorbic acid crosses membranes via protonation and deprotonation, causing a localized pH drop.
  • The passive permeability coefficient (P) for ascorbic acid was determined to be 1.1 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸ cm/s.

Conclusions:

  • Ascorbic acid's passive membrane permeability is low, comparable to sorbitol.
  • The passive transcellular transport pathway may not adequately support Vitamin C absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Understanding Vitamin C transport is critical for addressing potential deficiencies and related health conditions.