Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.5K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.5K
Catenins01:23

Catenins

3.1K
Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the...
3.1K
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

6.6K
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
6.6K
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

10.1K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
10.1K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.4K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.4K
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

8.5K
Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnostic delay in early-onset Alzheimer's disease in Japan: a retrospective study.

BMC neurology·2026
Same author

"Is the Spanish Flu a Forgotten Pandemic?" A Survey during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 1 (Tim1) as a Prognostic Factor Associated With Therapeutic Resistance in Human Breast Carcinoma.

International journal of breast cancer·2026
Same author

Infiltration of TIM4-positive intratumoral macrophages serves as an adverse prognostic factor in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)·2026
Same author

GAAIS-J: Translation and Validation of the Japanese Version of the General Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence Scale.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Artificial Intelligence for Breast Carcinoma Detection in Histopathological Images Based on Single Shot Multibox Detector in Intraoperative Rapid Diagnosis.

The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract
09:41

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract

Published on: June 17, 2014

12.5K

Relaxin 2/RXFP1 Signaling Induces Cell Invasion via the β-Catenin Pathway in Endometrial Cancer.

Misaki Fue1, Yasuhiro Miki2, Kiyoshi Takagi3

  • 1Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. fue@med.tohoku.ac.jp.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Relaxin 2 (RLN2) promotes endometrial cancer cell invasion by affecting the cadherin/catenin complex. This suggests RLN2/RXFP1 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.

Keywords:
RXFP1endometrial cancerphospho-β-cateninrelaxin 2

More Related Videos

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.4K
Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

Published on: November 16, 2011

22.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract
09:41

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract

Published on: June 17, 2014

12.5K
Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.4K
Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

Published on: November 16, 2011

22.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Relaxin plays a role in pregnancy and is implicated in cancer progression.
  • The specific mechanisms by which relaxin influences endometrial cancer remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of human relaxin 2 (RLN2) on human endometrial carcinoma cell lines.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathways involved in RLN2-induced endometrial cancer cell invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of HEC-1B and Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cells with RLN2.
  • siRNA-mediated knockdown of the relaxin receptor 1 (RXFP1).
  • Inhibition of β-catenin signaling using XAV939.
  • Analysis of cadherin and β-catenin expression and phosphorylation.
  • Immunohistochemical examination of RLN2 and RXFP1 in human endometrial carcinoma tissues.

Main Results:

  • RLN2 treatment significantly increased cell invasion in HEC-1B and Ishikawa cells.
  • Knockdown of RXFP1 and inhibition of β-catenin attenuated RLN2-induced invasion.
  • RLN2 treatment led to decreased cadherin expression and increased β-catenin phosphorylation.
  • RLN2 and RXFP1 were detected in human endometrial carcinoma tissues, correlating with histological grade.

Conclusions:

  • RLN2/RXFP1 signaling promotes endometrial cancer cell invasion.
  • RLN2 induces invasion by disrupting the cadherin/catenin complex via β-catenin phosphorylation.
  • The RLN2/RXFP1 pathway represents a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.