Discrimination of Milks with a Multisensor System Based on Layer-by-Layer Films

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Biosensor Technology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Development of advanced analytical tools for food quality assessment is crucial.
• Electrochemical biosensors offer sensitive and selective detection methods.
• Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly provides a versatile platform for nanostructured material fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a nanostructured electrochemical biosensor for milk analysis.
• To utilize the layer-by-layer technique for fabricating a sensitive bi-sensor system.
• To create an electronic tongue for discriminating milk samples based on lactose content.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a [CHI+IL/CuPcS]2-GAO biosensor using layer-by-layer assembly.
• Characterization of the nanostructure using FTIR, UV-Vis, and AFM.
• Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry.
• Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares regression (PLS-1) for data analysis.

Main Results:

• The [CHI+IL/CuPcS]2-GAO biosensor structure was confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.
• Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated signal amplification due to the synergistic effect of chitosan (CHI), ionic liquid (IL), and copper phthalocyanine (CuPcS).
• The electronic tongue system successfully discriminated milk samples with varying lactose concentrations using PCA.
• PLS-1 models achieved excellent correlation with lactose content and provided information on fats, proteins, and acidity.

Conclusions:

• The developed nanostructured electrochemical biosensor system is effective for milk analysis.
• The LbL technique enables the creation of a sensitive and selective bi-sensor.
• The system demonstrates potential for simple, rapid, and online monitoring of milk quality.