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Aluminium in Brain Tissue in Multiple Sclerosis.

Matthew Mold1, Agata Chmielecka2, Maria Raquel Ramirez Rodriguez3

  • 1The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK. m.j.mold@keele.ac.uk.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study found significantly high levels of aluminium in the brain tissue of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Aluminium was detected both inside and outside cells, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration in MS.

Keywords:
TH GFAASaluminium-specific fluorescencehuman brain tissuehuman exposure to aluminiummultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with unknown causes.
  • Genetic and environmental factors are implicated, with human exposure to aluminium being a potential environmental factor.
  • Previous research lacked data on aluminium content and distribution in the brain tissue of MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and localize aluminium in the brain tissue of individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
  • To investigate the potential role of aluminium in the neurodegenerative processes observed in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Brain tissue samples from 14 MS donors were analyzed for aluminium content using transversely heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
  • Aluminium localization within the brain tissue of two donors was examined using aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Brain tissue from MS patients consistently showed elevated aluminium levels, with many samples exceeding 10 μg/g dry weight (10 ppm) and some surpassing 50 ppm.
  • No significant correlation was found between aluminium levels and brain lobes, donor age, or donor gender.
  • Aluminium was identified in both intracellular and extracellular locations within the brain tissue.
  • A notable association between aluminium and corpora amylacea was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates universally high aluminium content in the brain tissue of multiple sclerosis patients.
  • Aluminium's presence in intracellular and extracellular locations, particularly with corpora amylacea, suggests a potential role in MS neurodegeneration.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which aluminium may contribute to the pathology of multiple sclerosis.