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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

81.8K
Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
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Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
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Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

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A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
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Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

61.4K
A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
61.4K
Types of Chemical Bonds02:37

Types of Chemical Bonds

94.4K
Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
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Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

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Physico-Chemical Processes.

Jinkai Xue1, Bing Guo, Zhanyang Gong

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.

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|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes 2017 research on physico-chemical water and wastewater treatment methods. It covers membrane technologies like microfiltration and reverse osmosis, alongside other processes such as ion exchange and adsorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Physico-chemical processes are crucial for effective water and wastewater management.
  • Continuous research and development are vital for advancing treatment efficiency and sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research published in 2017 on physico-chemical water and wastewater treatment.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of advancements in various treatment technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific literature published in 2017.
  • Categorization of research into nine key physico-chemical process areas.
  • Detailed examination of membrane technologies, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation.

Main Results:

  • The review encompasses significant advancements across diverse treatment methods.
  • Membrane technology research is highlighted, with detailed subsections on six distinct types.
  • Other key areas reviewed include ion exchange, capacitive deionization, granular filtration, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, flotation, oxidation, and adsorption.

Conclusions:

  • The year 2017 saw substantial progress in physico-chemical water and wastewater treatment research.
  • Membrane technologies continue to be a major focus, with ongoing innovation across various configurations.
  • The review provides a valuable snapshot of the field's state-of-the-art for researchers and practitioners.