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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Thermal Expansion01:22

Thermal Expansion

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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
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Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects
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Thermal Effects.

Siqi Wang1, Junpei Ye, Panyue Zhang

  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.

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|August 22, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes 2017 research on thermal effects in waste treatment. It covers wastewater, nutrient recovery, membranes, heavy metals, and solid waste disposal methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Thermal processes are increasingly investigated for waste treatment applications.
  • Understanding recent advancements in thermal treatment is crucial for sustainable waste management.
  • The year 2017 saw significant research contributions in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research published in 2017 concerning thermal effects in wastewater and solid waste treatment.
  • To provide an overview of current trends and findings in thermal waste treatment technologies.
  • To identify key areas of progress in nutrient and heavy metal recovery using thermal methods.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of scientific publications from 2017.
  • Categorization of research based on treatment type: wastewater, nutrient recovery, membrane technology, heavy metal management, and solid waste.
  • Synthesis of findings related to thermal effects and their impact on treatment efficiency and resource recovery.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements were noted in thermal wastewater treatment, including enhanced pollutant removal.
  • Effective thermal strategies for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery were detailed.
  • Research highlighted thermal applications in membrane technology for improved performance and reduced fouling.
  • Thermal methods showed promise for heavy metal reduction and recovery from various waste streams.
  • Innovations in thermal treatment and disposal of solid waste were presented, focusing on energy recovery and volume reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Thermal effects play a critical role in optimizing various waste treatment processes.
  • The reviewed literature from 2017 indicates a growing trend towards resource recovery and sustainable management of wastewater and solid waste.
  • Further research into the application and optimization of thermal technologies is warranted for efficient and environmentally sound waste management solutions.