Diagnostics and therapeutic implications of gut microbiota alterations in cardiometabolic diseases

Alterations in gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activity are emerging as one of the most powerful determinants of cardiovascular disease. Although our knowledge of the precise molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences cardiometabolic homeostasis is still limited, a growing body of knowledge has recently been uncovered about the potential modulation of microbiome for cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. The multitude of interactions between the microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract and the host has been recognized crucial in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Here, we summarize the role of gut microbiota in host physiology as well as in the pathophysiology of the most common cardio-metabolic disorders, discussing the potential therapeutic opportunities offered by interventions aimed at modifying microbiome composition and activity.