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Short-Term Peripheral Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Evidence for Increasing Prevalence of

Marco Ripa1,2, Laura Morata2, Olga Rodríguez-Núñez2

  • 1Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|August 22, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Peripheral venous catheter (PVC)-related bloodstream infections (PVCRBSI) have increased, with Gram-negative bacteria becoming more prevalent. Prolonged catheter use, recent surgery, and beta-lactam antibiotics predict Gram-negative PVCRBSI.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Microbiology
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are common medical devices.
  • PVC-related bloodstream infections (PVCRBSI) pose a significant clinical challenge.
  • Understanding trends and risk factors for PVCRBSI is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the etiology and outcomes of short-term PVCRBSI over 25 years (1992-2016).
  • To identify predictive factors for Gram-negative bacterial etiology in PVCRBSI.
  • To assess changes in PVCRBSI incidence and causative agents over time.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study design.
  • Inclusion of all identified episodes of PVCRBSI.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for calendar year to identify predictive factors.

Main Results:

  • 711 episodes of PVCRBSI were recorded over the 25-year period.
  • The incidence of PVCRBSI increased from 0.06 to 0.13 per 1,000 patient-days.
  • Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 22.8% of PVCRBSI, with a rising proportion observed.
  • Independent predictors for Gram-negative PVCRBSI included prolonged hospitalization (>7 days) with catheter use (>3 days), recent surgery, and beta-lactam antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions:

  • A significant increase in Gram-negative PVCRBSI prevalence was observed over 25 years.
  • Prolonged catheter dwell time, recent surgery, and beta-lactam antimicrobial therapy are associated with Gram-negative PVCRBSI.
  • These findings highlight the need for vigilant monitoring and targeted prevention strategies for PVCRBSI.
Keywords:
Gram negativebacteremiabloodstream infectionsperipheral venous catheterphlebitis

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