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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Standardizing a Non-Lethal Method for Characterizing the Reproductive Status and Larval Development of Freshwater Mussels Bivalvia: Unionida

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Transitions to freshwater sustainability.

Peter H Gleick¹

¹Pacific Institute, Oakland, CA 94612 pgleick@pacinst.org.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|August 22, 2018

Summary

Freshwater resources are undergoing a significant transition due to global water crises, new technologies, and increased attention. Understanding these environmental transitions is key to achieving sustainable water management.

Keywords:

freshwater peak water sustainability transitions water

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Water Resource Management
Sustainability Studies

Background:

Global freshwater resources face escalating crises, including supply-demand imbalances and unmet basic needs.
Ecological degradation is expanding due to water extraction and climate change impacts.
Advancements in water technologies, conceptual frameworks, and public/scientific attention signal a major shift.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the concept of resource and environmental transitions in freshwater systems.
To review theories, data, and frameworks for identifying and understanding these transitions.
To identify key policies for managing successful freshwater transitions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of theories and frameworks for resource transitions.
Analysis of data related to water crises and technological advancements.
Case study examples of freshwater transitions.
Policy analysis for managing transitions.

Main Results:

Freshwater resources are experiencing fundamental transitions driven by multiple global pressures.
Understanding drivers, facilitators, and barriers to change is crucial for successful transitions.
New technologies and conceptual work are emerging alongside increased public and scientific engagement.
Transitions in energy and climate fields have implications for water resources.

Conclusions:

Successful freshwater transitions require understanding the factors that drive deep changes in perception and management.
Strategies are needed to improve and accelerate transitions towards social, economic, and environmental sustainability.
Effective policy interventions are essential for navigating and managing these complex environmental shifts.