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Related Concept Videos

Muscle Contraction01:15

Muscle Contraction

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Muscle Contraction01:10

Muscle Contraction

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In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. Thus, electrical signals from the brain are transmitted to the muscle. Subsequently, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to prevent excessive...
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Smooth Muscle Contraction01:25

Smooth Muscle Contraction

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Smooth muscle contraction is a complex process vital for various bodily functions, from maintaining blood vessel tension to facilitating the movement of food through the digestive tract. Unlike striated muscles, smooth muscle contraction begins more slowly and lasts longer.
The onset of contraction is triggered by an increase in calcium ions within the sarcoplasm, similar to the process in striated muscle. However, smooth muscles have a relatively smaller reservoir of the sarcoplasmic...
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Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction01:25

Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction

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Skeletal muscle fibers have the unique ability to switch between rest and contraction states, using different sources of ATP for energy. The contraction cycle and Ca2+ transport back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for relaxation require significant ATP. However, the ATP reserves in muscle fibers are limited and can only sustain contractions for a few seconds. Additional ATP production becomes necessary for prolonged contractions. As a result, muscle fibers generate ATP through various sources,...
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Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions01:22

Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions

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Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
Isotonic contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while...
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres
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Magnetic ocular prosthesis for shallow contracted socket.

Ramesh Murthy1, Madhulata Umesh2

  • 1Consultant Oculoplasty and Squint Service, Axis Eye Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India and Consultant Oculoplasty and Squint Service, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel two-piece magnetic ocular prosthesis for patients with severe contracted eye sockets. This innovative solution offers improved retention and cosmetic results for difficult-to-manage cases.

Keywords:
Custommagneticocularprosthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Prosthetics

Background:

  • Severe contracted eye sockets and dry sockets pose significant challenges in ocular prosthesis retention.
  • Managing patients with inadequate lid closure and poorly retained prostheses requires innovative solutions.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old female patient presented with severe contracted socket, dry socket, and poor prosthesis retention post-enucleation for retinoblastoma.
  • The patient was using a makeshift support with a cracked prosthesis, indicating a need for a better functional and aesthetic solution.

Findings:

  • A novel two-piece ocular prosthesis was designed utilizing neodymium-boron-ferrous magnets for enhanced retention and positioning.
  • This magnetic prosthesis successfully addressed the patient's severe socket contracture and inadequate lid closure, providing a cosmetically acceptable outcome.

Implications:

  • This magnetic ocular prosthesis represents a potentially groundbreaking approach for managing complex cases of contracted eye sockets.
  • The findings suggest a new avenue for improving the quality of life and functional outcomes for patients requiring ocular prostheses.