Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026
![Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate [18F]SFB](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F2755.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate [18F]SFB
Published on: June 28, 2011
Ultrafast Synthesis of Urchin-Like Rutile TiO₂ by Single-Step Microwave-Assisted Method
Liqin Xiang1, Yuchi Liu2, Yang Liu3
1Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. lqxiang@nwpu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
The preparations of crystal titanium dioxide (TiO₂) are often time-consuming multistep processes involving high temperature. Rapid and efficient methods to obtain TiO₂ with anatase or rutile phase are desirable. In this paper, we describe an ultrafast single-step method to obtain urchin-like rutile TiO₂ particles via microwave irradiation. In the procedure, TiCl₄ aqueous solution was used as a reactant and toluene was used as a solvent. It takes only a few minutes without any further heat treatment. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of temperature, irradiation time and the ratio of precursor to solvent on the morphology and crystal structure were studied. The results show urchin-like rutile TiO₂ with high stability is formed after only 5 min microwave irradiation at 135 °C.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:17Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions
03:08Rate-Determining Steps
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
01:15Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)
Prepare for the Procedure:
01:23Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)
01:15Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Sugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from...
02:36Transfer RNA Synthesis
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...