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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

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Published on: March 1, 2013
Microcavity-integrated graphene waveguide: a reconfigurable electro-optical attenuator and switch.
Guorong Sui1, Jun Wu1,2, Yuehua Zhang1
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
We demonstrate tunable graphene-based optical devices. By adjusting the graphene Fermi level, we achieved reconfigurable electro-optical attenuators and switches with high modulation depth for near-infrared light.
Area of Science:
- Photonics and Optoelectronics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Graphene's high carrier mobility and fast optical response make it suitable for optoelectronics.
- Microcavity-integrated graphene waveguides enhance light-matter interactions for photonic devices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To realize reconfigurable electro-optical attenuators and switches using microcavity-integrated graphene.
- To investigate the tunability of graphene's optical properties via Fermi level modulation.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical and numerical investigation of graphene absorption properties.
- Fabrication of microcavity-integrated graphene waveguide structures.
- Tuning the Fermi energy level of graphene for electro-optical modulation.
Main Results:
- Achieved unity-order modulation depth in light reflection and transmission.
- Demonstrated electro-optical attenuators with 10% to 98.29% attenuation.
- Realized on-off electro-optical switching with >21 dB contrast.
Conclusions:
- Graphene photonics can be applied in communications and sensing.
- Tunable Fermi level in graphene enables high-performance electro-optical modulation.
- Microcavity integration enhances graphene's role in integrated photonic devices.
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