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Host-parasite interaction associated with major mental illness.

Shin-Ichi Kano1, Colin A Hodgkinson2, Lorraine Jones-Brando3

  • 1Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Molecular Psychiatry
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Disrupted in schizophrenia (DISC1) protein influences immune response to Toxoplasma gondii infection. DISC1 gene variations are linked to higher anti-T. gondii antibody levels in individuals with major mental illnesses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Major mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder often co-occur with physical conditions.
  • Elevated anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) antibodies are frequently observed in patients with major mental illnesses, but the mechanism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Disrupted in schizophrenia (DISC1) in host immune responses against T. gondii infection.
  • To explore the link between DISC1 genetic variations and T. gondii antibody levels in major mental illness.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary approach combining epidemiological, cell biological, and gene expression profiling.
  • Analysis of DISC1 Leu607Phe variation and its interaction with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4).
  • Correlation of DISC1 607 Phe/Phe genotype with T. gondii antibody titers in patient sera.

Main Results:

  • DISC1 variation (Leu607Phe) affects gene expression patterns during T. gondii infection.
  • The DISC1 607 Phe/Phe genotype is associated with increased T. gondii antibody levels.
  • Evidence suggests DISC1 is involved in the host immune response to T. gondii.

Conclusions:

  • DISC1 plays a role in the immune response to T. gondii, potentially linking T. gondii infection to major mental illnesses.
  • This study offers mechanistic insights into the association between T. gondii serology and major mental illness.