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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1
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Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1

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Visualizing BDNF Transcript Usage During Sound-Induced Memory Linked Plasticity.

Lucas Matt1, Philipp Eckert2, Rama Panford-Walsh2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, monitored using the BLEV reporter mouse, is crucial for auditory memory formation. Critical sensory input drives this specific BDNF expression, shaping neural network adaptation.

Keywords:
Bdnf exon-IVBdnf exon-VILTPfeed-forward inhibitionmemory acquisitionparvalbuminsound-accentuationvasculature

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Auditory System Research

Background:

  • Activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is linked to memory formation.
  • Existing methods cannot isolate activity-dependent BDNF from basal levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for specifically monitoring activity-dependent BDNF expression.
  • To investigate the role of activity-dependent BDNF in auditory processing and memory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the BLEV (BDNF-ive-xon-visualization) reporter mouse.
  • Co-expressed CFP and YFP to track activity-dependent usage of Bdnf exon-IV and -VI promoters.
  • Applied enriching acoustic stimuli and assessed auditory brainstem responses, LTP, and Morris water maze performance.

Main Results:

  • Enriching acoustic stimuli enhanced auditory responses, LTP, and memory performance.
  • Increased neuronal activity and a trend for higher Bdnf exon-IV and -VI transcript levels were observed in the brainstem.
  • Hippocampal BDNF transcripts and parvalbvalbumin expression increased, localized to specific neurons and capillaries.
  • Severe acoustic trauma did not elevate BDNF transcripts or related functional measures.

Conclusions:

  • Critical sensory input is essential for recruiting activity-dependent, auditory-specific BDNF expression.
  • This BDNF expression likely shapes neural network adaptation in response to auditory stimuli.
  • The BLEV reporter mouse provides a tool to visualize activity-dependent BDNF promoter usage.