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Human CARD9: A Critical Molecule of Fungal Immune Surveillance

Rebecca A Drummond1, Luis M Franco2, Michail S Lionakis1

  • 1Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 22, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Card9 (caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9) is crucial for innate immunity against pathogens. CARD9 deficiency specifically impairs antifungal responses and influences autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Card9 (caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9) is a key signaling adaptor protein.
  • It mediates signals from pattern recognition receptors, including C-type lectin receptors, NOD receptors, and nucleic acid sensors.
  • Card9 plays a vital role in innate immunity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on novel functions of Card9 in various disease contexts.
  • To summarize current knowledge on the genetics and immunology of human Card9 deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Card9.
  • Analysis of human genetic and immunological data related to Card9 deficiency.

Main Results:

  • Animal models show Card9 regulates immunity to diverse pathogens.
  • Human studies reveal Card9's specific role in antifungal immunity in the central nervous system, oral mucosa, and skin.
  • Emerging evidence links Card9 to autoimmunity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Card9 is a critical regulator of innate immunity with diverse roles in host defense.
  • Card9 deficiency has specific implications for antifungal immunity and susceptibility to other diseases.
  • Further research into Card9's functions is essential for understanding and treating associated conditions.

Keywords:
C-type lectin receptorsCARD9candidiasisfungineutrophilsprimary immunodeficiency

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