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Toward Light-Regulated Living Biomaterials.

Shrikrishnan Sankaran1, Shifang Zhao1,2, Christina Muth1

  • 1INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
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Researchers developed a light-activated living biomaterial using Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. This optogenetic material can control mammalian cell adhesion and deliver molecules upon light stimulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioengineering and Biomaterials Science
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Microbial Engineering

Background:

  • Living materials leverage biological properties like regeneration and adaptation.
  • Controlling living material function requires responsive units for external manipulation.
  • Current methods for precise control over living materials are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create an optoregulated living biomaterial based on Escherichia coli (E. coli).
  • To enable external control of the biomaterial's interaction with mammalian cells using light.
  • To demonstrate targeted molecule delivery to mammalian cells via the engineered bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered an endotoxin-free E. coli strain with a photoactivatable gene expression inducer.
  • Utilized bacterial surface display to present an integrin-specific miniprotein.
  • Immobilized engineered bacteria onto hydrogel surfaces for light-induced cell adhesion and molecule delivery.

Main Results:

  • Light activation triggered the display of cell adhesive molecules on the bacterial surface.
  • Functionalized hydrogels successfully induced mammalian cell adhesion upon light stimulation.
  • Surface-immobilized bacteria delivered a fluorescent protein to interacting mammalian cells.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a novel optogenetic living biomaterial for precise control over cell interactions.
  • The E. coli-based material shows potential for targeted molecule delivery to mammalian cells.
  • This platform offers new possibilities for responsive and programmable biomaterials.