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Related Concept Videos

Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

20.1K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
20.1K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

4.0K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
4.0K
Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

1.6K
Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
1.6K
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

3.6K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
3.6K
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

574
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
574
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

4.4K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
4.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Methodologies toward Efficient and Stable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite-Based Solar Cells.

Jae Keun Nam1, Do Hyung Chun1, Ryan Joon Kyu Rhee1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites show promise for efficient and thermally stable solar cells, challenging the necessity of organic cations for high performance.

Keywords:
cesium lead halide perovskitesphase stabilityphotophysicssolar cellsthin film fabrication

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photovoltaics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Organic perovskites face thermal stability issues, driving research into inorganic alternatives.
  • Cesium lead halide perovskites have emerged as potential candidates for efficient and stable solar cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells.
  • To discuss the role of organic cations in halide perovskite performance.
  • To highlight the potential of inorganic perovskites in photovoltaics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells.
  • Analysis of materials engineering techniques applied to these devices.
  • Examination of photophysical properties of cesium lead halide perovskites.

Main Results:

  • Cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells have achieved over 13% efficiency.
  • These inorganic materials offer enhanced thermal stability compared to organic counterparts.
  • Materials engineering and photophysical understanding are key to performance.

Conclusions:

  • All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites are viable alternatives to organic perovskites for solar cells.
  • Further research in materials engineering and photophysics will enhance photovoltaic performance.
  • These materials offer a pathway to highly efficient and thermally stable solar energy conversion.