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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A High Content Imaging Assay for Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors
Published on: November 14, 2014
Primary resistance of human patients to botulinum neurotoxins A and B
Marco Pirazzini1, Stefan Carle2, Holger Barth2
1Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Via Ugo Bassi 58/B 35131 Padova Italy.
Abstract:
Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B are successfully used to treat a variety of human diseases characterized by hyperactive peripheral nerve terminals. However, a number of patients are primary resistant to these pharmaceuticals, without having antitoxin-neutralizing antibodies. A straightforward explanation of this phenomenon posits that mutations of the toxin sites of interaction with their receptors or protein substrates prevent their neuroparalytic action. After a careful investigation of available human genomic databases, we conclude that it is very unlikely that humans are resistant to these two therapeutic neurotoxins because of mutations that would affect their binding or intracellular proteolytic actions.
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