Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Software for Analysis of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Time-series Data from the Valsalva Maneuver
Published on: June 27, 2025
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm and Gerbode Defects: Patient and Procedural Selection: the Key to Optimising
Colm R Breatnach1, Kevin P Walsh2
1Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Purpose Of Review:
In this review, we reflect on the historical background, clinical features and imaging techniques used to assess Gerbode defects and sinus of Valsalva aneurysms. We aim to review the evolution of treatment strategies and the progression towards less invasive management for these conditions.
Recent Findings:
While transthoracic echocardiography is often diagnostic, transesophageal echocardiography (2D and 3D) has improved our understanding of these defects and allowed us to more accurately define their anatomy. Cardiac MRI provides improved assessment of the physiological impact of defects by quantifying shunt volume. Transcatheter techniques are currently vying with surgery as the mainstay of treatment. New insights are being discovered regarding diagnostic modalities and treatment pathways. Defining criteria for patient selection for catheter or surgical therapy is essential when deciding on the optimum intervention for the individual patient.
Related Concept Videos
Key Techniques in Microbiology
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition
Predicting Reaction Outcomes
Aneurysm I: Introduction
Lumber Defects
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
Outcomes of Glycolysis
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...

