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Related Concept Videos

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
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Synchronous complex Chiari malformation and cleft palate-a case-based review.

Jacques Lara-Reyna1, Johnny Carlton1, Whitney E Parker1

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, 520 East 70th Street, Starr Pavilion, Suite 651, New York, USA.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mid-facial clefts and Chiari malformation may share a common developmental pathway. This study investigates the embryologic link between cleft palate and Chiari malformation, suggesting potential increased risk for skull base abnormalities.

Keywords:
EctodermNeural crestParaxial mesodermRetroflexed odontoid

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Craniofacial surgery

Background:

  • The association between mid-facial clefts and Chiari malformation is primarily documented in syndromic cases.
  • A shared developmental pathway for midline skull base pathologies like facial clefts and complex Chiari malformations has been hypothesized but not previously reported.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with a cleft palate and later developed a symptomatic complex Chiari malformation.
  • The patient underwent successful surgical interventions including suboccipital decompression with occipitocervical fusion and endoscopic anterior decompression.

Findings:

  • The co-occurrence of cleft palate and complex Chiari malformation in a single patient suggests a potential common embryologic origin.
  • Embryologic interactions between paraxial mesoderm and ectoderm are proposed as a unifying mechanism.

Implications:

  • Complete radiological, clinical, and genetic evaluation is recommended for patients with this co-occurrence.
  • The presence of a cleft palate may warrant consideration for an increased risk of other skull base developmental abnormalities.