Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina
Published on: March 22, 2015
Circulating parameters of oxidative stress and hypoxia in normal pregnancy and HELLP syndrome
Ahmet Mentese1, Süleyman Güven2, Selim Demir3
1Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
Background:
The HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets) is a complication of severe pre-eclampsia, a condition characterized by oxidative stress elevation caused by disequilibrium between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms, which, in turn, results in endothelial compromise and free radical-mediated cell damage. While several studies have examined the relationship between pre-eclampsia and oxidative stress, research investigating oxidative and hypoxic status in HELLP syndrome is limited.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the levels of oxidative stress markers - total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) - and a hypoxia marker - carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) - in patients with HELLP syndrome and in healthy pregnant women.
Material And Methods:
A total of 23 women with HELLP syndrome and 30 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Serum levels of oxidative stress markers were determined using colorimetric methods, while serum levels of CA IX were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.
Results:
The TOS, OSI, MDA, and CA IX levels were significantly higher in women with HELLP syndrome than in the controls (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.008, respectively).
Conclusions:
Increased levels of oxidative stress and hypoxia markers in women with HELLP syndrome suggest that oxidative stress and hypoxia may be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Further follow-up studies are now needed to investigate the prognostic roles of these parameters in patients with HELLP syndrome.
Related Concept Videos
Normal Stress
When a rod is under axial loading, the internal forces and corresponding stress are normal to the plane of the section, so it is termed normal stress. It's important to...
Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses
If...
Hypoxia
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Oxidation Numbers
Pyruvate Oxidation
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
Normal Distribution

