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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
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Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

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During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
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Simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurement using nested fiber balloon rings.

Junfa Zhao, Panpan Niu, Cheng Zhang

    Applied Optics
    |August 22, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel fiber sensor uses nested fiber balloon rings (FBRs) for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurements. This cost-effective sensor offers high sensitivity and convenient fabrication for dual-parameter sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber optics sensing
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Accurate simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature is crucial in various scientific and industrial fields.
    • Existing fiber optic sensors often face limitations in sensitivity, cost, or simultaneous measurement capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a simple all-fiber sensor for simultaneous RI and temperature measurement.
    • To leverage nested fiber balloon rings (FBRs) for enhanced sensing performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a fiber balloon ring (FBR) by bending a single-mode fiber.
    • Embedding a smaller FBR within a larger FBR to create nested structures.
    • Interrogating wavelength shifts of two separate interference dips corresponding to RI and temperature sensitivities.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of a nested FBR sensor for simultaneous RI and temperature detection.
    • The sensor exhibits distinct RI and temperature sensitivities from the two interference dips.
    • The proposed sensor shows advantages in convenient fabrication, economical materials, and high sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The nested FBR sensor provides a viable and cost-effective solution for simultaneous RI and temperature monitoring.
    • This sensor design is a promising candidate for applications requiring dual-parameter sensing.