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Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Preparation of Liquid-exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets with Controlled Size and Thickness: A State of the Art Protocol

Preparation of Liquid-exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets with Controlled Size and Thickness: A State of the Art Protocol

Published on: December 20, 2016

Mesoporous Metallic Iridium Nanosheets.

Bo Jiang¹, Yanna Guo¹, Jeonghun Kim^2,3

¹International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 22, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel 2D mesoporous iridium (Ir) nanosheets using a new synthesis method. These advanced metallic nanomaterials show enhanced catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrochemistry

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) metals are nanomaterials with unique electronic and thermal properties.
Enhancing surface area in 2D metals is crucial for material utilization and active site availability.
Mesopores in 2D metals offer a pathway to improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel synthetic strategy for creating 2D mesoporous metallic iridium (Ir) nanosheets.
To explore the potential of these new nanostructures for catalytic applications.
To investigate their performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

Main Methods:

Synthesis of 2D mesoporous Ir nanosheets using diblock copolymer (poly-(ethylene oxide)- b-polystyrene, PEO- b-PS) micelles.
Alignment of micelles within the 2D plane of the nanosheets.
Characterization of the mesoporous architecture and catalytic properties.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized unprecedented 2D mesoporous metallic Ir nanosheets.
Achieved close-packed assemblies of PEO- b-PS micelles aligned in the 2D plane.
Demonstrated high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic solution.

Conclusions:

The novel synthetic route provides enhanced control over 2D metal synthesis and mesoporous architectures.
The resulting mesoporous Ir nanosheets offer abundant catalytically active sites.
These materials exhibit superior OER electrocatalytic activity compared to commercial catalysts.