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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Gene Expression Differences in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations: Size Really Matters.

Horacio Gomez-Acevedo1, James R Dornhoffer2, Annjanette Stone3,4

  • 11 Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas.

Lymphatic Research and Biology
|August 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital vascular anomalies. Microcystic LMs show pro-oncogenic gene expression, while macrocystic LMs exhibit hypoxic events, suggesting distinct biological pathways for these subtypes.

Keywords:
gene microarraylymphatic malformationsmacrocystic lymphatic malformationmicrocystic lymphatic malformationpediatric lymphatic malformations

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital vascular anomalies with dilated lymphatic channels.
  • LMs are classified as macrocystic or microcystic based on cyst size.
  • Clinical differences suggest distinct underlying biological and genetic factors between LM subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential gene expression between microcystic and macrocystic lymphatic malformations.
  • To elucidate the distinct biological pathways influencing the development and behavior of LM subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Indirect differential gene expression analysis was performed on a small sample of LM subtypes.
  • Functional analyses were conducted on differentially expressed gene sets.

Main Results:

  • 426 genes showed significant differential expression (p < 0.01) between LM subtypes.
  • Microcystic LMs exhibited gene expression favoring a pro-oncogenic profile, with upregulated MYC targets and cell cycle proteins.
  • Macrocystic LMs demonstrated gene expression linked to hypoxic events, promoting angiogenesis and cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Microcystic and macrocystic LMs, despite histological similarities, arise from significantly different biological pathways and mechanisms.
  • These findings highlight distinct genetic drivers and cellular processes contributing to LM subtypes.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for targeted treatment strategies and improved prognosis.