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Related Concept Videos

Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

2.5K
Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
2.5K
Buffers02:56

Buffers

173.1K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
173.1K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

55.4K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
55.4K
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

56.4K
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
56.4K
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

58.8K
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
58.8K
Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

5.3K
The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
5.3K

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Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks
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pH and Buffer Capacity of Topical Formulations.

Johannes Wohlrab, Alexandra Gebert

    Current Problems in Dermatology
    |August 22, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Many skincare products lack optimal pH and buffer capacity for skin barrier health. This study reveals a critical gap in cosmetic formulations, highlighting the need for better quality control in barrier-protective basic care.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology and Cosmetic Science
    • Physicochemical Properties of Skin
    • Formulation Science

    Background:

    • Skin pH is crucial for epidermal barrier function and homeostasis.
    • Impaired barrier function in dermatoses is often associated with altered skin pH.
    • Appropriate galenic formulations are needed for barrier-protective basic care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the pH and buffer capacity of commercially available cosmetic preparations.
    • To assess the suitability of these preparations for supporting skin barrier function.
    • To highlight the importance of pH and buffer capacity as quality criteria.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 66 cosmetic preparations from the German market.
    • Investigation of emulsion phase relation, absolute pH value, and buffer capacity.

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  • Comparison of findings against established criteria for barrier protection.

    • Main Results:

    • Only 23 out of 66 preparations exhibited an appropriate pH of ≤5.5.
    • Merely 3 preparations demonstrated a buffer capacity of ≥1.0.
    • A significant portion of products failed to meet essential quality criteria for skin barrier support.

    Conclusions:

    • The significance of pH and buffer capacity in barrier-protective preparations is underestimated by manufacturers and users.
    • There is a need for improved quality control and formulation standards in cosmetic products.
    • Optimizing pH and buffer capacity is essential for effective skin barrier care.