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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

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Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, evolution and alternative pathways: A review.

A Alexoudi¹, I Alexoudi², S Gatzonis¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilantou 45-47, 10676 Athens, Greece.

Revue Neurologique

|August 23, 2018

Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) may be linked to the gastrointestinal tract and skin. These organs share developmental pathways, suggesting a role in PD pathogenesis and offering new research avenues.

Keywords:

Evolution Gastrointestinal tract Parkinson's disease Pathogenesis Skin

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gastroenterology
Dermatology

Background:

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly.
Previous research on PD biomarkers focused on tissue biopsies.
Emerging studies link PD with skin disorders (seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea) and Crohn's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the hypothesis of a link between the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and PD development.
To investigate shared embryological origins and pathogenic pathways.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on PD, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin conditions.
Analysis of shared molecular networks and embryological development.

Main Results:

Established connections between PD and specific skin and gastrointestinal diseases.
Identified analogous embryological development and common pathogenic pathways in the nervous system, gut, and skin.

Conclusions:

The gastrointestinal tract and skin may play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
An evolutionary perspective can guide future research into neurological, gastrointestinal, and skin disorder overlaps.