Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery
Published on: April 17, 2021
Multiple renal calculi due to hypercalcaemia induced by over-the-counter vitamin D intoxication
Robin George Manappallil1, Sudhin Shylendran2, Aryasree Kakkattil1
1Internal Medicine, Baby Memorial Hospital, Calicut, Kerala, India.
Abstract:
Renal stone disease is a common and painful condition. Even though it is rarely fatal, patients describe it as the worst pain in their life. While dietary calcium may decrease the risk of stone formation, patients on supplemental calcium are at higher risk. Moreover, patients with diabetes are more prone to develop renal calculi. Hypervitaminosis D is a rare cause of hypercalcaemia. This is a case of an elderly diabetic man who developed multiple calcium oxalate renal stones due to hypercalcaemia following calcium-vitamin D supplementation.
Related Concept Videos
Vitamins
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...

