[Robotics and augmented reality : Current state of development and future perspectives]

Area of Science:

• Surgical Technology
• Digital Surgery
• Medical Robotics

Background:

• Digitalization is increasingly important in surgery, with robotics and augmented reality (AR) as key focus areas.
• Current surgical robots are passive tools with limited active support, making cost-benefit justification challenging.
• Augmented reality (AR) enhances sensory perception by integrating additional information, with current applications in training, simulation, and operating room workflow support.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically evaluate the current state and future potential of surgical robotics and augmented reality (AR) in the operating room.
• To discuss the development of intelligent, collaborative surgical systems.
• To emphasize the importance of surgeon involvement in the evaluation of new technologies.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and technological advancements in surgical robotics and AR.
• Analysis of the limitations and potential of existing systems.
• Discussion of future trends in cooperative surgical environments.

Main Results:

• Surgical robots currently offer low levels of active support and require surgeon activation.
• Augmented reality (AR) shows promise for revolutionizing surgery, though real-world and virtual world integration needs optimization.
• AR is already a valuable tool for surgical training, simulation, and operating room workflow support.

Conclusions:

• The integration of robotic and AR modules in the operating room represents a significant technological advancement for mid-term surgical impact.
• Future intelligent surgical tools should function as collaborative support systems, not autonomous agents.
• Active surgeon participation is crucial to ensure that emerging technologies enhance, rather than replace, surgical expertise.