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Treatment of tuberculosis infection in children

Lindsay A Hatzenbuehler1,2, Jeffrey R Starke1,2

  • 1a Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|August 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Shorter, rifamycin-based treatments are now the preferred choice for childhood tuberculosis infection, improving completion rates and reducing global TB disease. These regimens are safer and more effective than older, longer options.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Global public health

Background:

  • Childhood tuberculosis (TB) infection remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Traditional treatment regimens, such as 6-9 months of isoniazid, have limitations in completion rates and tolerability for children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current pediatric tuberculosis infection treatment options.
  • To evaluate effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and treatment completion rates of various regimens.
  • To highlight advancements in TB infection management for children.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of available pediatric TB infection treatment options.
  • Analysis of data on effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and completion rates.
  • Inclusion of expert commentary on treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Shorter, rifamycin-based regimens are effective, safe, and improve treatment completion in children.
  • Fluoroquinolone-based regimens are recommended for drug-resistant TB infections in children.
  • Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) programs enhance treatment completion rates.

Conclusions:

  • Shorter, rifamycin-based regimens offer superior treatment success and are recommended for widespread use in children.
  • Optimizing access, reducing costs, and utilizing electronic monitoring can further improve TB infection treatment outcomes.
  • Effective management of childhood TB infection is crucial for decreasing the global incidence of TB disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
Tuberculosis infectiondirectly observed preventive therapylatent tuberculosis infection

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