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Green speciation of iron using aqueous two-phase system.

Raquel A Campos1, Pamela R Patrício1, Silvia Juliana R Vargas1

  • 1Grupo de Química Verde Coloidal e Macromolecular (QUIVECOM), Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.

Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias
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This study introduces a green aqueous two-phase system for iron speciation, differentiating between Fe(II) and Fe(III). The method successfully separates iron species in water samples for accurate analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Iron exists in two oxidation states, Fe(II) and Fe(III), with distinct biological and chemical roles.
  • Accurate determination of iron speciation is crucial, often more so than total iron concentration.
  • Existing green methods for iron speciation are limited, necessitating novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a green chemical speciation method for iron using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS).
  • To effectively separate Fe(II) and Fe(III) species for subsequent analysis.
  • To establish optimal conditions for iron speciation using ATPS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an aqueous two-phase system as a safe alternative to traditional liquid-liquid extraction.
  • Employed 1,10-phenanthroline to selectively complex and extract Fe(II) into the top phase.
  • Optimized parameters including electrolyte, macromolecule, phenanthroline concentration, and pH.
  • Determined separated iron species using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient separation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) with a separation factor of 233.
  • Obtained high extraction percentages for Fe(II) (95.1 ± 1.0%) and low for Fe(III) (7.68 ± 0.50%) under optimal conditions.
  • Demonstrated successful application of the method for iron speciation in real water samples.
  • Reported recovery percentages ranging from 90% to 106% in water samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ATPS method provides an effective and green approach for iron speciation.
  • The method allows for the selective separation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) prior to instrumental determination.
  • This technique offers a viable alternative for analyzing iron speciation in environmental samples.