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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

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Alignment and Balance Methods in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

William L Jaffe1, John M Dundon, Tristan Camus

  • 1From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (Dr. Jaffe), Orthopedic Institute of New Jersey, Moristown, NJ (Dr. Dundon), and Vancouver, BC Canada (Dr. Camus).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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Summary

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) techniques are evolving, moving from traditional mechanical alignment to kinematic alignment. New technologies aid surgeons in achieving better limb alignment and knee soft-tissue balance during TKA.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a frequent orthopaedic procedure.
  • Key surgical goals include restoring limb alignment and knee soft-tissue balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the shift from mechanical alignment to kinematic alignment in TKA.
  • To discuss the role of new technologies in improving TKA outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current TKA alignment philosophies.
  • Discussion of technological advancements in TKA surgery.

Main Results:

  • Traditional mechanical alignment is being challenged by kinematic alignment principles.
  • Emerging technologies offer enhanced precision for alignment and soft-tissue balancing.

Conclusions:

  • Kinematic alignment represents a significant philosophical shift in TKA.
  • Technological innovations are crucial for optimizing TKA surgical accuracy and patient outcomes.