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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Strain energy is a fundamental concept in the field of materials science and structural engineering, describing the energy absorbed by a material or structure when it is deformed under load.
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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets
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Strained Nickel Phosphide Nanosheet Array.

Jingjing Duan1, Sheng Chen1, Chuan Zhao1

  • 1School of Chemistry , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We engineered strained nickel phosphide nanosheets for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This strain significantly boosts catalytic activity by optimizing hydrogen adsorption and desorption processes.

Keywords:
electrochemistryhydrogen evolution reactionin situ transformationmetal phosphidestrain engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution is crucial for clean energy technologies.
  • Strain engineering offers a promising strategy to tune catalyst performance.
  • Nickel phosphide (Ni-P) is a potential catalyst material, but its performance needs improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize strained nickel phosphide nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
  • To investigate the impact of compressive strain on the electronic structure and catalytic activity of nickel phosphide.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which strain enhances hydrogen evolution.

Main Methods:

  • In situ topotactic transformation to create strained nickel phosphide nanosheets on a nickel foam/nickel sulfide support.
  • Characterization of nanosheet thickness, lateral size, and strain using advanced microscopy and spectroscopy.
  • Electrochemical testing to evaluate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, including turnover frequency.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze the electronic structure and hydrogen adsorption properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized 5 nm thick nickel phosphide nanosheets with significant compressive strain (5.6%).
  • The strained material exhibited a 24-fold increase in turnover frequency compared to its strain-free counterpart.
  • Strain-induced downshifts in the d-band center of Ni-P bonds were observed, weakening hydrogen species adsorption.
  • Facilitated hydrogen formation and desorption kinetics were confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Compressive strain is an effective method to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of nickel phosphide for hydrogen evolution.
  • The improved performance is attributed to strain-modulated electronic structure, optimizing hydrogen binding energies.
  • This work provides a pathway for designing high-performance electrocatalysts through precise strain control.