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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.6K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
448
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

162
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

270
Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
270
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

1.2K
The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors01:18

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

486
Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In...
486

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

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Drug Hypersensitivity.

Ruwen Böhm1, Ehrhardt Proksch, Thomas Schwarz

  • 1Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology at the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|August 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventing drug hypersensitivity reactions (type B) requires structured diagnostics and documentation. Early recognition and treatment, alongside avoiding triggers, are key to managing these adverse drug reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are classified as pharmacological (Type A) or hypersensitivity (Type B).
  • Type B reactions include immediate (e.g., anaphylaxis) and delayed (e.g., exanthema) presentations.
  • Hypersensitivity reaction prevention remains a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic and management strategies for drug hypersensitivity reactions.
  • To highlight the importance of diagnostics and documentation in preventing recurrent ADRs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search using Medline and Google Scholar.
  • Analysis of adverse drug reaction databases (OpenVigil, SIDER).

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic tools include laboratory tests (IgE, lymphocyte transformation), histology, dermatological tests, and provocation tests.
  • Limited pharmacogenetic biomarkers exist; HLA gene testing is mandatory for abacavir and carbamazepine in specific populations.
  • Immediate trigger discontinuation is crucial; immediate reactions are treated with antihistamines/epinephrine, delayed reactions with glucocorticoids.

Conclusions:

  • Structured diagnostics and documentation (allergy passport) are essential for managing suspected hypersensitivity.
  • Utilizing existing diagnostic and documentation resources aids in preventing and rapidly treating hypersensitivity reactions.