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Related Concept Videos

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
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A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Magnetic Damping

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Understanding the relationship between the distributed load and shear force in structural analysis is crucial for analyzing beams subjected to various loading conditions. Consider the case of a beam experiencing a distributed load, two concentrated loads, and a couple moment.
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Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory
06:04

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Published on: November 16, 2013

Scale separated low viscosity dynamos and dissipation within the Earth's core.

Andrey Sheyko1, Christopher Finlay2, Jean Favre3

  • 1Earth and Planetary Magnetism Group, Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports
|August 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Earth's magnetic field generation involves thermal convection in the liquid iron core. Simulations reveal distinct magnetic and velocity field scales, with Ohmic dissipation dominating, similar to Earth's geodynamo.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Astrophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Earth's magnetic field is generated by thermal convection in the liquid iron core.
  • Understanding the geodynamo requires modeling complex fluid dynamics and magnetic field interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the geodynamo mechanism using self-consistent spherical shell computations.
  • To explore the effects of dissimilar diffusivities of momentum and magnetic fields on the dynamo process.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted self-consistent spherical shell computations.
  • Utilized ultra-low viscosities and notably dissimilar diffusivities for momentum and magnetic fields.
  • Analyzed scale separation between magnetic and velocity fields.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant scale separation, with velocity fields dominated by small scales.
  • Demonstrated a zeroth-order balance between Coriolis and Lorentz forces at large scales due to differing diffusivities.
  • Found Ohmic dissipation to be dominant, with convection within the tangent cylinder playing a crucial role.
  • Characterized the system as a 'strong field' regime with more magnetic than kinetic energy.

Conclusions:

  • The study replicates the Earth's geodynamo mechanism under specific computational conditions.
  • Dissimilar magnetic field and momentum diffusivities lead to distinct scale separations and dominant Ohmic dissipation.
  • A robust empirical scaling law between magnetic dissipation and magnetic energy was established.