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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Structure02:40

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Author Spotlight: Radiotherapy and Clonogenic Assays for Advancing Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine
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In vitro chromosomal radiosensitivity in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Majid Mahmoodi1,2, Hassan Abolhassani2, Hossein Mozdarani3

  • 1Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Central-European Journal of Immunology
|August 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients exhibit increased chromosomal radiosensitivity, suggesting a genetic predisposition. This finding may explain the heightened cancer risk observed in individuals with CVID.

Keywords:
acute lymphoblastic leukemiaataxia telangiectasiachromosome radiosensitivitycommon variable immunodeficiencyprimary immunodeficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Radiation Biology

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency disorder.
  • Patients with CVID have an increased risk of developing cancer.
  • Evidence suggests chromosome instability in CVID patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate radiation sensitivity in CVID patients.
  • To explore the genetic basis of radiation sensitivity in CVID.
  • To correlate radiosensitivity with cancer risk in CVID.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulated lymphocytes from CVID patients, healthy controls, AT cases, and ALL patients were exposed to gamma-rays in G2/G0 cell cycle phases.
  • Chromosomal aberrations were scored.
  • Micronucleus assays were performed on first-degree relatives.

Main Results:

  • CVID patients demonstrated significantly higher radiosensitivity compared to healthy controls in G2 and G0 assays.
  • First-degree relatives of CVID patients were also radiosensitive, as indicated by micronucleus assays.
  • Statistical analysis (ANOVA, t-test) confirmed significant differences.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosomal radiosensitivity in CVID patients may serve as a marker for genetic predisposition.
  • The findings provide potential insights into the elevated cancer risk in CVID.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the genetic underpinnings and clinical implications.