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What is a predatory journal? A scoping review.

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A lack of definition hinders the study of predatory journals. This review identified 109 potential characteristics of predatory journals, crucial for developing a standardized definition.

Keywords:
illegitimate journalsopen accesspeer reviewpredatory journalspredatory publishersreporting qualityscholarly publishing

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scholarly Communication
  • Research Integrity

Background:

  • Predatory journals lack a standardized definition and agreed-upon characteristics.
  • Understanding these journals is essential for accurate research and academic integrity.
  • Previous literature has not systematically delineated the features of predatory publishing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of the literature on predatory journals.
  • To summarize epidemiological characteristics associated with predatory journals.
  • To extract and categorize empirically derived characteristics of predatory journals.

Main Methods:

  • Searched five major bibliographic databases and conducted a grey literature search.
  • Included English-language studies published after 2012 discussing predatory journals.
  • Extracted epidemiological data and thematically grouped 109 empirically derived characteristics.

Main Results:

  • 920 records were retrieved, with 344 meeting inclusion criteria.
  • The majority of records were commentaries (78.44%), with only 38 empirical studies.
  • 109 unique characteristics were identified and grouped into six categories.

Conclusions:

  • This review identified a comprehensive set of potential characteristics for predatory journals.
  • The findings will inform efforts to establish a standardized definition of predatory journals.
  • Limitations include English language restriction and lack of methodological quality assessment.