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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
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Concepts, contents, and consciousness.

Tom McClelland1, Tim Bayne1,2

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK and.

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|August 24, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study challenges Kemmerer's conservative view of consciousness, arguing that the debate over conscious content is more complex. It critiques using this view to evaluate theories like Global Neuronal Workspace and Integrated Information Theory.

Keywords:
Attended Intermediate-Level Representations TheoryGlobal Neuronal Workspace TheoryIntegrated Information Theoryconceptsconscious thoughtscontents of consciousness

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Theories of consciousness debate whether concepts and thoughts constitute conscious content.
  • Kemmerer (2015) proposed a conservative account, excluding concepts/thoughts from conscious content.
  • This account was used to critique Global Neuronal Workspace (GNW) and Integrated Information Theory (IIT), favoring Attended Intermediate-level Representations (AIR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the complexity of conservative versus liberal conceptions of consciousness content.
  • To evaluate Kemmerer's arguments against GNW and IIT, and for AIR.
  • To examine the strategy of using content accounts to assess consciousness theories.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of philosophical arguments.
  • Conceptual analysis of consciousness theories.
  • Examination of theoretical commitments.

Main Results:

  • The conservative/liberal distinction regarding conscious content is more nuanced than presented.
  • Kemmerer's arguments impose unnecessary burdens on 'liberal' views.
  • Kemmerer's application of his account to GNW, IIT, and AIR is problematic.
  • The strategy of using content accounts to evaluate consciousness theories has overlooked complexities.

Conclusions:

  • The debate on conscious content requires a more sophisticated understanding.
  • Kemmerer's conservative stance and its application to consciousness theories are flawed.
  • Alternative approaches to evaluating consciousness theories may be necessary.