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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
Published on: November 11, 2025
Focus on eye care in schizophrenia
1Optometry Section, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Abstract:
Schizophrenia, a neurodevelopmental mental disorder with heterogeneous features, poses major social and health-care challenges in Australia and worldwide. Ophthalmic findings in patients with schizophrenia are varied and include conditions that result from psychotropic complications such as sun gazing, heritable genetic endophenotypes such as oculomotor abnormalities and strabismus, treatment-related complications such as chlorpromazine lenticular and corneal deposits, and co-morbid health problems such as poor compliance. This report reviews special considerations for eye care in schizophrenia and provides case examples to illustrate the complexity of problems that optometrists may encounter with this population.
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