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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Into the Kidney Capsule of Diabetic Mice
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Pharmacotherapy for gestational diabetes.

Angelo Maria Patti1, Rosaria Vincenza Giglio1, Kalliopi Pafili2

  • 1a Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|August 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management focuses on lifestyle changes and insulin therapy. Newer insulins and supplements like myoinositol show promise, while metformin and glyburide have limited acceptance for treating GDM.

Keywords:
Gestational diabetesincretinsinsulinlifestyletherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication involving impaired carbohydrate metabolism.
  • It leads to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, potentially causing fetal macrosomia if untreated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on pharmacological treatments for GDM.
  • To summarize the efficacy and acceptance of various GDM therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on GDM pharmacotherapy.
  • Analysis of established and emerging treatment options for GDM.

Main Results:

  • Insulin therapy, including NPH and newer analogs, is the mainstay for GDM.
  • Metformin and glyburide have limited acceptance; nutritional supplements (probiotics, myoinositol) show promise.
  • Incretin agents require further investigation for GDM treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Lifestyle management is crucial for GDM.
  • Insulin remains the primary pharmacotherapy, with newer options available.
  • Emerging therapies and supplements warrant further research for GDM management.