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Related Experiment Videos

[Morphology and classification of cleft hands].

W Blauth, A Falliner

    Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie : Organ Der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Handchirurgie : Organ Der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Mikrochirurgie Der Peripheren Nerven Und Gefasse : Organ Der V
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals synostosis as a key cause of cleft hand deformities, distinct from aplasia. A new classification system is proposed for better understanding and categorizing these complex hand malformations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics and Hand Surgery
    • Developmental Biology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Cleft hand is a congenital condition with varied classifications and debated etiologies.
    • Existing literature presents differing views on heredity, pathogenesis, and classification of cleft hand deformities.

    Observation:

    • Analysis of 35 cleft hands revealed bilateral involvement and association with cleft feet in most cases, with males predominantly affected.
    • X-ray morphology highlighted synostosis as a frequent cause of clefting, either exclusively (40%) or partially (34%), alongside aplasia.
    • Osseous deformities of the carpus and associated malformations like syndactylies and polydactylies were observed more often than previously reported.

    Findings:

    • A new classification system for cleft hands is proposed: Type 1 (aplasias), Type 2 (synostosis), Type 3 (aplasias and synostosis), and Type 4 (preforms like polydactyly).

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  • Type 1 hands often present as medio-lateral, linked with cleft feet and 50% heritability.
  • Type 2 hands are typically median, less associated with cleft feet, and identifiable via the Ogino method.

    • Implications:

    • The proposed classification aids in precise categorization of cleft hands, integrating with existing systems like Blauth's.
    • Understanding the role of synostosis offers new insights into the pathogenesis of cleft hand.
    • This research provides a foundation for further studies on the teratological spectrum and clinical management of cleft hand.