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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Published on: July 5, 2011
Prognostic factors that predict failure of manipulation under anesthesia for the stiff total knee arthroplasty: A
Alex Gu1,2, Adam J Michalak1, Jordan S Cohen1
1Department of Medicine, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye St, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Purpose:
Prognostic factors associated with Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) failure remain unknown.
Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies that reported prognostic factors associated with MUA for postoperative stiffness.
Results:
7 studies analyzing prognostic factors associated with MUA outcomes were included. Several studies note pre-MUA ROM to be a significant prognostic factor affecting post-MUA ROM at final follow-up. Knees with <70° of flexion pre-MUA had less final flexion arc than those with >70°.
Conclusions:
The strongest prognostic factor for decreased ROM after MUA is severe pre-MUA stiffness.
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