Primary Diffuse B-Cell Thyroid Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Hassan Alyami1, Talal Alsofyani2, Mohammed Bu Bshait3
1King Fahad Military Medical Complex Dhahran, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Case Reports in Oncology
|August 25, 2018
Summary
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignancy, often diffuse B-cell lymphoma (DBCL). Diagnosis requires biopsy, and a multidisciplinary approach is key for effective PTL management.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
Background:
- Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare endocrine malignancy, comprising 5% of all thyroid cancers.
- Diffuse B-cell lymphoma (DBCL) is the predominant subtype of PTL, necessitating accurate histological diagnosis.
Observation:
- A 66-year-old female presented with a rapidly growing neck mass, compressive symptoms, and B symptoms.
- Imaging revealed a large neck mass causing tracheal deviation; fine-needle aspiration (FNA) provided inconclusive results.
- Tissue biopsy confirmed DBCL, indicating PTL.
Findings:
- DBCL constitutes 50-80% of PTL cases, highlighting its significance.
- FNA may not reliably distinguish thyroid lymphoma from anaplastic carcinoma.
- Tissue biopsy is crucial for definitive PTL diagnosis and excluding other thyroid pathologies.
Implications:
- A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal PTL management.
- Treatment strategies, including radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy, are tailored to the disease stage and histological type.
- Accurate diagnosis via biopsy is critical for guiding PTL treatment decisions.
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