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Peripheral nervous system demyelination with herpes simplex virus.

J J Townsend, P K Collins

    Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) when introduced into its extracellular space. This study shows infected Schwann cells produce enveloped virus, leading to nerve damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurovirology
    • Peripheral Nervous System Research
    • Demyelinating Diseases

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex virus Type I (HSV) typically causes encephalitis or myelitis after inoculation.
    • While Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be infected by HSV, demyelination has not been observed in the PNS previously.
    • Demyelination has been historically localized to the central nervous system in HSV infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of introducing HSV into the extracellular space of the PNS.
    • To determine if HSV infection of Schwann cells in the PNS can lead to demyelination.
    • To examine viral particle production by infected Schwann cells in the PNS.

    Main Methods:

    • Microinjection of HSV directly into the sciatic nerve of mice.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Histological analysis to assess mononuclear cell infiltration and demyelination.
  • Electron microscopy to evaluate viral particle production in Schwann cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Microinjection of HSV into the sciatic nerve induced focal mononuclear cell infiltration and demyelination within seven days.
    • Schwann cells in this experimental model were found to produce enveloped HSV particles.
    • These findings contrast with previous observations where infected Schwann cells did not produce enveloped virus.

    Conclusions:

    • HSV introduced into the extracellular space of the PNS can cause demyelination.
    • The production of enveloped viral particles by Schwann cells in the PNS appears to be a critical factor in inducing demyelination.
    • This research provides new insights into the mechanisms of HSV-induced peripheral nerve damage.