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The divergence of a vector field at a point is the net outward flow of the flux out of a small volume through a closed surface enclosing the volume, as the volume tends to zero. More practically, divergence measures how much a vector field spreads out or diverges from a given point. For an outgoing flux, conventionally, the divergence is positive. The diverging point is often called the "source" of the field. Meanwhile, the negative divergence of a vector field at a point means that the vector...
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Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
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Boron reagents for divergent radiochemistry.

Thomas C Wilson1, Thomas Cailly, Véronique Gouverneur

  • 1University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. veronique.gouverneur@chem.ox.ac.uk.

Chemical Society Reviews
|August 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Boron reagents are valuable precursors for radiolabeling biomolecules. These advances in radiochemistry enhance molecular imaging and pharmaceutical development for nuclear medicine applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiochemistry
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • Radiolabeled biomolecules are crucial for scientific advancement, impacting fundamental biology and human health.
  • The demand for labeled molecules in diagnostics and drug development is driving rapid expansion in radiochemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of boron-based precursors in radiolabeling biomolecules.
  • To highlight the application of these precursors with key radionuclides for imaging and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of boron reagents as pre-functionalized precursors for radiolabeling.
  • Focus on cross-coupling chemistry and chemoselective radioisotope installation.

Main Results:

  • Boron reagents offer ease of handling, diverse preparation methods, and well-studied reactivity.
  • Successful radiolabeling of biomolecules using carbon-11, fluorine-18, and iodine isotopes (123I, 125I, 131I) is demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Boron-based precursors significantly expand the scope of radiochemical synthesis.
  • These advancements facilitate progress in positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.