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Sensory and decision-making processes underlying perceptual adaptation.

Nathan Witthoft1,2, Long Sha3, Jonathan Winawer4

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

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Sensory adaptation to facial expressions alters perception and decision-making. This study reveals that changes in how we process information, not just sensory input, drive these adaptive changes in judgment.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual systems adapt to prolonged stimulus exposure, altering subsequent judgments.
  • Adaptation is often attributed solely to sensory processing changes.
  • The role of decision-making processes in adaptation remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the contributions of sensory and decision-making processes to adaptation.
  • To investigate adaptation in a facial expression recognition task.
  • To understand how prolonged exposure to specific expressions influences perception and response times.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a facial expression paradigm with exposure to happy or sad adaptors.
  • Measured psychometric functions to assess shifts in perception.
  • Analyzed response times for changes in speed and asymmetry.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to happy or sad expressions shifted psychometric functions towards the adaptor, as expected.
  • Response times showed a significant decline and asymmetry, with faster responses to non-adapting categories.
  • These findings suggest substantial changes in the decision-making process.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory adaptation is accompanied by alterations in decision-making, specifically in information accumulation.
  • Adaptation may involve updated implicit expectations about stimuli based on context.
  • Decision-making modifications represent a normative response to changing environmental contexts.