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Related Concept Videos

Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
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Nuclear Stability03:18

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
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Direct Force Probe for Nuclear Mechanics.

Vincent J Tocco1, Srujana Neelam1, Qiao Zhang1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to precisely measure the force on a cell nucleus. This technique quantifies nuclear mechanical properties within the cell, aiding research on cellular structures.

Keywords:
Nuclear forcesNuclear mechanicsNuclear positioningNuclear shaping

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Understanding the mechanical properties of the cell nucleus is crucial for cell mechanics.
  • Previous methods lacked the precision to apply and measure forces directly on the nucleus in vivo.
  • The nucleus's mechanical response is influenced by the cytoskeleton and nuclear envelope integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for applying and measuring nanonewton-scale forces directly on the nucleus of a living cell.
  • To enable quantitative comparisons of nuclear mechanical properties under various cellular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A micropipette is used to create a suction seal on the nuclear surface.
  • The micropipette is translated, deforming the nucleus and applying a known force.
  • Nuclear detachment from the micropipette allows for force measurement based on suction calibration.

Main Results:

  • The method allows for direct application of known, nanonewton-scale forces to the nucleus.
  • The resisting force at detachment reflects the integrated mechanical properties of the nucleus and cytoskeleton.
  • The technique provides reproducible measurements of nuclear response.

Conclusions:

  • This method offers a reliable way to quantify nuclear elastic properties in a native cellular environment.
  • It facilitates comparative studies of nuclear mechanics following cellular disruptions.
  • The technique is valuable for advancing research in cell mechanics and biophysics.