Aranazoles: Extensively Chlorinated Nonribosomal Peptide-Polyketide Hybrids from the Cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. PCC 9339
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Spectrophotometric Determination of Phycobiliprotein Content in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis
Published on: September 11, 2018
Philipp Moosmann1, Reiko Ueoka1, Muriel Gugger2
1Institut für Mikrobiologie , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland.
Abstract:
An analysis of cyanobacterial genomes revealed an architecturally unique biosynthetic gene cluster with an unusually high number of genes encoding predicted iron(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenases. Mass spectrometry-guided identification of the corresponding metabolites yielded the aranazoles, extensively halogenated nonribosomal peptide-polyketide hybrids. Their chlorine-bearing fatty acyl-like moiety is reminiscent of the hyperhalogenated chlorosulfolipids, natural products of unknown enzymatic origin that were previously isolated from eukaryotic algae and mussels.
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