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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • The immunoediting concept describes the dynamic interaction between the host immune system and tumor cells, involving elimination, equilibrium, and escape phases.
    • The balance between immune elimination and tumor escape is regulated by the relative activity of cytotoxic Th1 and immunosuppressive Th2 lymphocytes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore how perioperative conditions, known to induce immunosuppression, may influence the Th1/Th2 balance.
    • To investigate the potential impact of altered Th1/Th2 ratios on cancer recurrence and metastasis.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of the immunoediting concept and its phases.
    • Analysis of the immunological effects of perioperative circumstances, particularly concerning the Th1/Th2 lymphocyte balance.
    • Correlation of Th1/Th2 ratio modulation with cancer recurrence and metastasis.

    Main Results:

    • Perioperative immunosuppression can alter the Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratio.
    • This shift in the Th1/Th2 balance may favor tumor escape mechanisms.
    • Altered immune status during the perioperative period is linked to increased cancer recurrence and metastasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Perioperative immunosuppression poses a risk for cancer patients by potentially promoting tumor escape.
    • Modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance during the perioperative period can negatively impact long-term patient prognosis.
    • Understanding and mitigating perioperative immune alterations are crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.