Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

10.8K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
10.8K
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

64.8K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
64.8K
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

17.4K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
17.4K
Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

28.6K
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
28.6K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

9.2K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
9.2K
What are Populations and Communities?00:30

What are Populations and Communities?

37.9K
Overview
37.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Pasteurella dagmatis</i> prosthetic valve endocarditis with suspected mycotic aortic aneurysm: a case report.

Oxford medical case reports·2026
Same author

Preferential HER4 stimulation preserves neuregulin-induced improvement of myocardial function.

npj drug discovery·2026
Same author

Adipose Tissue Depots and Blood Pressure Regulation: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Targets Beyond Obesity.

American journal of hypertension·2026
Same author

Dietary omega-6 lipids promote post-injury aberrant bone formation in obesity.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Gdf15 expression in thermogenic adipocytes regulates diet-induced weight gain in a sex-dependent manner.

Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Sensory nerves protect against preclinical tendinopathic changes through FGF1 signaling.

Science translational medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
07:01

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification

Published on: August 6, 2015

10.6K

Characterizing the Circulating Cell Populations in Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification.

Shawn J Loder1, Shailesh Agarwal1, Michael T Chung1

  • 1Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The American Journal of Pathology
|August 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Circulating innate immune cells, not mesenchymal stem cells, are the primary contributors to early stages of heterotopic ossification (HO) following trauma. Their presence diminishes as HO matures, offering new therapeutic targets.

More Related Videos

Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence
10:29

Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence

Published on: August 14, 2019

11.1K
Electrophysiological Characterization of GFP-Expressing Cell Populations in the Intact Retina
07:30

Electrophysiological Characterization of GFP-Expressing Cell Populations in the Intact Retina

Published on: November 14, 2011

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
07:01

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification

Published on: August 6, 2015

10.6K
Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence
10:29

Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence

Published on: August 14, 2019

11.1K
Electrophysiological Characterization of GFP-Expressing Cell Populations in the Intact Retina
07:30

Electrophysiological Characterization of GFP-Expressing Cell Populations in the Intact Retina

Published on: November 14, 2011

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition resulting from trauma, leading to significant pain and functional impairment.
  • Understanding the cellular origins of HO is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.
  • Both innate immune cells and mesenchymal stem cells are implicated in HO development, but their specific roles and contributions from circulating populations remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the contribution of circulating innate immune and mesenchymal stem cells to trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO).
  • To elucidate the temporal dynamics of circulating cell participation throughout HO development.
  • To differentiate the roles of local versus systemic cell populations in HO pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • A parabiosis model was established to create shared circulation between reporter and non-reporter mice.
  • HO was induced in non-reporter mice via Achilles tendon transection and dorsal burn injury.
  • Bioluminescence imaging and immunostaining were employed to track and identify circulating cell populations within the developing HO.

Main Results:

  • Histologic analysis revealed circulating cells infiltrating the HO anlagen at all developmental stages.
  • Circulating cells were abundant during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of HO, with reduced presence in mature HO.
  • Immunostaining confirmed that early infiltrating cells were predominantly from the innate immune system, with a minor contribution from mesenchymal cells.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating innate immune cells play a significant role in the early stages of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification.
  • The contribution of circulating cells to HO is time-dependent, decreasing as the ossification matures.
  • These findings highlight the importance of systemic immune responses in HO pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic targets within circulating cell populations.