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Magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse

L D Galland, S M Baker, R K McLellan

    Magnesium
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed

    Insights

    Idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is linked to chronic magnesium deficiency (Mg-D), a condition that also causes latent tetany. Magnesium therapy can alleviate MVP symptoms and related complications.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Genetics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in industrialized countries.
    • MVP is primarily a hereditary condition with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by variable penetrance.
    • Existing theories suggest MVP arises from a hereditary connective tissue disorder, supported by histopathology and genetic evidence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between latent tetany (LT) caused by chronic magnesium deficiency (Mg-D) and MVP.
    • To explore how Mg-D may explain clinical manifestations of MVP syndrome not fully accounted for by genetics.
    • To assess the efficacy of magnesium therapy in managing MVP symptoms.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical observation and data analysis of patients with MVP and LT.
    • Biochemical assessment of magnesium levels and fibroblast collagen degradation.
    • Evaluation of catecholamine levels, cardiac arrhythmias, and immune/autonomic nervous system function in relation to Mg-D.

    Main Results:

    • Latent tetany (LT) due to chronic magnesium deficiency (Mg-D) is present in over 85% of MVP cases.
    • MVP complicates approximately 26% of LT cases.
    • Mg-D contributes to MVP syndrome by impairing collagen degradation, increasing catecholamines, and disrupting nervous system regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic magnesium deficiency (Mg-D) is strongly associated with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP).
    • Mg-D provides a unifying explanation for several clinical features of MVP syndrome.
    • Magnesium therapy is effective in relieving symptoms associated with MVP.

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